GLOBAL ECONOMICS AND POLITICS

Leo Haviland provides clients with original, provocative, cutting-edge fundamental supply/demand and technical research on major financial marketplaces and trends. He also offers independent consulting and risk management advice.

Haviland’s expertise is macro. He focuses on the intertwining of equity, debt, currency, and commodity arenas, including the political players, regulatory approaches, social factors, and rhetoric that affect them. In a changing and dynamic global economy, Haviland’s mission remains constant – to give timely, value-added marketplace insights and foresights.

Leo Haviland has three decades of experience in the Wall Street trading environment. He has worked for Goldman Sachs, Sempra Energy Trading, and other institutions. In his research and sales career in stock, interest rate, foreign exchange, and commodity battlefields, he has dealt with numerous and diverse financial institutions and individuals. Haviland is a graduate of the University of Chicago (Phi Beta Kappa) and the Cornell Law School.


 

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ROLLIN’ AND TUMBLIN’ IN US NATURAL GAS © Leo Haviland April 20, 2015

In all marketplace battlefields, a wide variety of storytellers select between (and emphasize differently) an array of variables. They thereby generate diverse bullish and bearish arguments that heatedly compete for allegiance and action. And analysis and trading always are difficult enterprises. However, in the United States natural gas universe nowadays, the noise, smoke, and uncertainty produced by these diverse variables and conflicting perspectives and recommendations make it especially challenging to boldly swear unquestioning loyalty to a particular marketplace viewpoint.

What does historical analysis of major United States natural gas bear marketplace moves (NYMEX nearest futures continuation basis) in the context of days coverage reveal regarding the ending of the major bear trend that emerged in late February 2014? Perhaps 4/13/15’s 2.475 low was an important trough; however, several days of course remain in April and many key bottoms have occurred around contract expiration. If a noteworthy bottom is not established in calendar April 2015, the most probable time for a major low is in late August/calendar September 2015. NYMEX natural gas reached many important bottoms in late calendar August and September. However, a final low in late summer 2015 would stretch out the February 2014 bear marketplace trend substantially longer than the historical average.

In any case, if NYMEX natural gas prices pierce 4/13/15’s low (nearest futures continuation), that level probably will not be broken by much. Substantial support lurks around 2.40 and 2.20/2.15.
****

End March 2015’s 20.0 days of coverage (1471bcf divided by about 73.5bcf/day of full calendar year 2014 consumption), though way up from March 2014’s 12.0 days coverage, dips slightly under the 21.8 days end March 1990-2014 average. It also falls a notable, though not extreme, 4.1 days beneath the nine year 2006-14 average. Thus despite the notable arithmetic stock increase during calendar 2014 build season, the national days coverage inventory picture at the end of winter 2014-15 draw season is slightly bullish.

What’s the bottom line in regard to the natural gas bear trend that began in February 2014 if one concentrates on the natural gas inventory variable? With the NYMEX nearest futures natural gas price currently well under 4.00, this end winter 2014-15 inventory factor “taken by itself”, looks neutral to supportive for gas prices. This fundamental consideration should be interpreted alongside the marketplace history relating to price and time factors.

End October 2015’s 49.5 days coverage level slides 6.3 days beneath the 2006-14 end October average of 55.8 days and 4.1 days under 1990-2014’s 53.6 days. This end October 2015 days coverage total therefore is bullish (even if not wildly so given prospects of increased natural gas production).

Look further out in the murky future to March and October 2016. Although much of course can happen between now and then, potential days coverage nevertheless does not suggest notable oversupply relative to historic averages.

The EIA forecasts end March 2016 inventory at 1704bcf and end October 2016 stocks at 3923bcf. Days cover at end March 2016 will be around 22.3 days (1704bcf/76.3bcf/d). Though this is slightly (.5 day) above the 21.8 day 1990-2014 average, it is 1.8 day less than 2006-14’s 24.1 day average. October 2016’s hypothetical days coverage is 51.7 days (3923bcf/75.8bcf/d. This is about 1.9 days under the 1990-2014 average for that calendar month and 4.1 days beneath 2006-14’s 55.8 day average.

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Rollin' and Tumblin' in US Natural Gas (4-20-15)

US NATURAL GAS INVENTORY BUILDING: THE PRODUCING REGION PICTURE © Leo Haviland May 18, 2014

When United States natural gas 2014 build season ends this autumn, assuming normal weather and moderate US economic growth, working gas inventories in the key Producing Region probably will be between 1030bcf/1056bcf and 1170bcf. Suppose US gas output over the next several months significantly exceeds the Energy Information Administration’s May 2014 forecast (as some natural gas clairvoyants claim it will). Then inventories may ascend from the EIA’s current estimate of over 1020bcf to around 1170bcf. Based upon historic inventory patterns, especially those of 2006 to the present, most marketplace participants probably view around 1173bcf as average Producing Region inventory for the end of build season. Historical analysis indicates that a move to around 1232bcf, though unlikely, should not be discounted. In any event, the Producing Region probably will not face containment problems this year.

The NYMEX natural gas marketplace during the course of build season probably will remain in a sideways trend, with the range being 3.80/4.00 to 5.00/5.20 (nearest futures continuation). The spring 2013 top (5/1/13 at 4.444) represents a midpoint to monitor. Despite the bearish price drop since late February 2014, the current Producing Region and overall US inventory picture for the balance of build season still appears quite bullish. What happens if as build season marches onward, actual overall US inventories look unable to increase significantly relative to the EIA’s May 2014 prediction for end build season 2014? Then a breakout above 5.00/5.20 resistance is probable. Suppose Producing Region inventory looked headed toward around 1230bcf, and that a comparable large percentage inventory gain also appeared likely in the Eastern and Western regions. Then a price move toward 3.40 may occur.
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US Natural Gas Inventory Building- the Producing Region Picture (5-18-14)
Charts- NYMEX natural gas and coal (5-18-14, for essay US Natural Gas Inventory Building- the Producing Region Picture)

US NATURAL GAS: BUILDING UP © Leo Haviland April 1, 2014

Assuming normal weather for spring and summer 2014, the NYMEX natural gas complex in general, including the nearest futures continuation benchmark, probably will trade in a sideways to rising trend.

United States natural gas inventory days coverage at the end of the 2013-14 winter draw season is very low arithmetically (bcf) as well as from the more important days coverage vantage point. However, winter ends every year. As the April/October build season will diminish short term fears of running out of natural gas, bears snarl that it becomes more difficult to sustain prices over 5.00. Yet for prices to remain under 5.00 over the upcoming summer build and winter 2014-15 draw seasons, much depends on whether 2014 gas production climbs by significantly more than two bcf/day year-on-year. The Energy Information Administration predicts a 1.8bcf/day output increase (Short-Term Energy Outlook, “STEO”, Table 5a, 3/11/14; next release 4/8/14). Some assert that fuel switching from natural gas to coal will occur in the key electric power sector in calendar 2014 if natural gas prices remain at current levels, and especially if they trend higher. The EIA believes 2014 electric power demand edges about .3bcf/day lower relative to 2013’s level (though calendar 2015’s ascends a modest .6bcf/day versus 2014). Keep in mind the still substantial net noncommercial long position in natural gas at present. All else equal, liquidation of a substantial part of that net length would weaken prices.

Yet analysis of the days coverage variable constructs a bullish case. Assume normal spring and summer weather. Suppose the EIA’s production estimate does not greatly miss the actual output boost. Then not only in the early months of build season, but also at its close at end October (or early November), days coverage for US natural gas inventories will remain well below average (typical, normal; desired). Admittedly, the United States natural gas inventory situation probably will become less tight over the course of winter 2014-15. If late autumn and winter weather is normal, working gas inventories days coverage probably still will be somewhat below normal during winter 2014-15 since they should commence draw season at very depressed levels.

The list of uncertainties surrounding natural gas supply/demand is long. But given that US gas stocks are very depressed now, a look forward at the probable working gas inventory situation for the next several months suggests the NYMEX nearest futures continuation contract probably will break into the 500/520 range over the next several months, and perhaps by the end of summer.
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US Natural Gas- Building Up (4-1-14)

US NATURAL GAS: DRAWING PICTURES (c) Leo Haviland November 25, 2013

Over the winter 2013-14 time horizon, assuming normal weather and moderate American economic growth, the natural gas trend probably remains sideways (NYMEX nearest futures continuation). The broad range for natural gas stands from roughly 280/310 to 490/520. Many players view “around 350” as a near term equilibrium price. The 5/1/13 summit at 444 also represents important resistance.

What does the US lower 48 states working gas inventory picture unveil regarding potential price moves? Much depends on the perspective embraced regarding what constitutes average (appropriate, normal, reasonable, typical, usual) inventory levels. One factor in this regard is the historical time horizon selected. And although arithmetic inventory totals are important, observers especially should focus on the days of inventory coverage variable. After all, changing consumption levels influence industry viewpoints regarding what constitutes average, high, or low stockpiles.

Although the long run 1990-2012 vista should not be overlooked, suppose the 2006-12 horizon is more relevant for inventory analysis. Then end October 2013 natural gas inventories, despite being high in arithmetical (bcf) terms, arguably are slightly below average. Admittedly this conclusion probably is not a mainstream view. After all, most players and soothsayers devote their attention to arithmetic rather than days coverage history. In addition, assuming normal weather, natural gas stocks at the end winter 2013/14 draw season probably will be only slightly high relative to average in days coverage terms rather than moderately above average. Given this greater emphasis on the 2006-12 era, and despite the bearish supply/demand outlook for full year 2014, prices should hold above the 280/310 support band, with a test of 400 unsurprising.

With the 2006-present days coverage perspective in mind, given end build season 2013 inventories, what are price prospects if this winter is notably colder or warmer than average? A sustained move over 400 probably requires a somewhat colder than average winter (or widespread faith that such temperatures will occur). To challenge spring 2013’s top, probably a significantly colder than normal winter is necessary. But what if major inventory drawdowns in days coverage terms occur? The marketplace could climb toward and even briefly venture north of 490/520. Conversely, to sustain moves under the 280/310 floor, warmer than usual US temperatures in the key consumption regions must emerge and continue. Important support exists around the 305/310 first quarter 2013 level; note the 313 trough on 8/8/13 following the 5/1/13 peak.
11-25
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US Natural Gas- Drawing Pictures (11-25-13)
Natural Gas Chart (NYMEX nearest futures, for US Natural Gas- Drawing Pictures essay) (11-25-13)